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Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
use Unicode::Normalize;
$NFD_string = NFD($string); # Normalization Form D
$NFC_string = NFC($string); # Normalization Form C
$NFKD_string = NFKD($string); # Normalization Form KD
$NFKC_string = NFKC($string); # Normalization Form KC
or
use Unicode::Normalize 'normalize';
$NFD_string = normalize('D', $string); # Normalization Form D
$NFC_string = normalize('C', $string); # Normalization Form C
$NFKD_string = normalize('KD', $string); # Normalization Form KD
$NFKC_string = normalize('KC', $string); # Normalization Form KC
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$NFD_string = NFD($string)
- returns the Normalization Form D (formed by canonical decomposition).
$NFC_string = NFC($string)
- returns the Normalization Form C (formed by canonical decomposition followed by
canonical composition).
$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)
- returns the Normalization Form KD (formed by compatibility decomposition).
$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)
- returns the Normalization Form KC (formed by compatibility decomposition followed by canonical
composition).
$normalized_string
= normalize($form_name, $string)
-
As $form_name, one of the following names must be given.
'C' or 'NFC' for Normalization Form C
'D' or 'NFD' for Normalization Form D
'KC' or 'NFKC' for Normalization Form KC
'KD' or 'NFKD' for Normalization Form KD
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$decomposed_string =
decompose($string)
-
$decomposed_string
= decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)
-
Decompose the specified string and returns the result.
If the second parameter (a boolean) is omitted or false, decomposes it using the
Canonical Decomposition Mapping. If true, decomposes it using the Compatibility
Decomposition Mapping.
The string returned is not always in NFD/NFKD. Reordering may be required.
$NFD_string = reorder(decompose($string)); # eq. to NFD()
$NFKD_string = reorder(decompose($string, TRUE)); # eq. to NFKD()
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$reordered_string =
reorder($string)
-
Reorder the combining characters and the like in the canonical ordering and returns the
result.
E.g., when you have a list of NFD/NFKD strings, you can get the concatenated NFD/NFKD
string from them, saying
$concat_NFD = reorder(join '', @NFD_strings);
$concat_NFKD = reorder(join '', @NFKD_strings);
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$composed_string =
compose($string)
-
Returns the string where composable pairs are composed.
E.g., when you have a NFD/NFKD string, you can get its NFC/NFKC string, saying
$NFC_string = compose($NFD_string);
$NFKC_string = compose($NFKD_string);
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(see Annex 8, UAX #15; DerivedNormalizationProps.txt)
The following functions check whether the string is in that normalization form.
The result returned will be:
YES The string is in that normalization form.
NO The string is not in that normalization form.
MAYBE Dubious. Maybe yes, maybe no.
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$result = checkNFD($string)
- returns
YES (1) or NO (empty string).
$result = checkNFC($string)
- returns
YES (1), NO (empty string),
or MAYBE (undef).
$result = checkNFKD($string)
- returns
YES (1) or NO (empty string).
$result = checkNFKC($string)
- returns
YES (1), NO (empty string),
or MAYBE (undef).
$result =
check($form_name, $string)
-
returns YES (1), NO (empty string),
or MAYBE (undef).
$form_name is alike to that for normalize().
Note
In the cases of NFD and NFKD, the answer must be either YES or NO.
The answer MAYBE may be returned in the cases of NFC and NFKC.
A MAYBE-NFC/NFKC string should contain at least one combining character or the like. For
example, COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT has the MAYBE_NFC/MAYBE_NFKC property. Both checkNFC("A\N{COMBINING
ACUTE ACCENT}") and checkNFC("B\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}")
will return MAYBE. "A\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}" is not in
NFC (its NFC is "\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE}"), while "B\N{COMBINING
ACUTE ACCENT}" is in NFC.
If you want to check exactly, compare the string with its NFC/NFKC; i.e.,
$string eq NFC($string) # more thorough than checkNFC($string)
$string eq NFKC($string) # more thorough than checkNFKC($string)
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These functions are interface of character data used internally. If you want only to get
Unicode normalization forms, you don't need call them yourself.
$canonical_decomposed
= getCanon($codepoint)
-
If the character of the specified codepoint is canonically decomposable (including
Hangul Syllables), returns the completely decomposed string canonically equivalent
to it.
If it is not decomposable, returns undef.
$compatibility_decomposed
= getCompat($codepoint)
-
If the character of the specified codepoint is compatibility decomposable (including
Hangul Syllables), returns the completely decomposed string compatibility
equivalent to it.
If it is not decomposable, returns undef.
$codepoint_composite
= getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)
-
If two characters here and next (as codepoints) are composable (including Hangul Jamo/Syllables
and Composition Exclusions), returns the codepoint of the composite.
If they are not composable, returns undef.
$combining_class =
getCombinClass($codepoint)
- Returns the combining class of the character as an integer.
$is_exclusion =
isExclusion($codepoint)
- Returns a boolean whether the character of the specified codepoint is a composition
exclusion.
$is_singleton =
isSingleton($codepoint)
- Returns a boolean whether the character of the specified codepoint is a singleton.
$is_non_startar_decomposition
= isNonStDecomp($codepoint)
- Returns a boolean whether the canonical decomposition of the character of the specified
codepoint is a Non-Starter Decomposition.
$may_be_composed_with_prev_char
= isComp2nd($codepoint)
- Returns a boolean whether the character of the specified codepoint may be composed with
the previous one in a certain composition (including Hangul Compositions, but excluding
Composition Exclusions and Non-Starter Decompositions).
NFC, NFD, NFKC, NFKD: by default.
normalize and other some functions: on request.
SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>
http://homepage1.nifty.com/nomenclator/perl/
Copyright(C) 2001-2002, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
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- http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
- Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
- http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
- Derived Normalization Properties
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